TOKYO: Japan’s economy shrank for the first time in a year in the March quarter at a faster pace than expected, data showed on Friday (May 16), underscoring the fragile nature of its recovery now under threat from United States President Donald Trump’s trade policies.
The data highlights the challenge policymakers face as steep US tariffs cloud the outlook for the export-heavy economy, particularly for the mainstay automobile sector.
Real gross domestic product (GDP) contracted an annualised 0.7 per cent in January to March, preliminary government data showed, much bigger than a median market forecast for a 0.2 per cent drop. It followed a revised 2.4 per cent increase in the previous quarter.
The decline was due to stagnant private consumption and falling exports, suggesting the economy was losing support from overseas demand even before Trump’s announcement on Apr 2 of sweeping “reciprocal” tariffs.
“Japan’s economy lacks a driver of growth, given weakness in exports and consumption. It’s very vulnerable to shocks such as one from Trump tariffs,” said Yoshiki Shinke, senior executive economist at Dai-ichi Life Research Institute.
“The data may lead to growing calls for bigger fiscal spending,” he said, adding the economy could contract again in the second quarter depending on when the hit from tariffs intensifies.
On a quarter-on-quarter basis, the economy shrank 0.2 per cent compared with market forecasts for a 0.1 per cent contraction.
Private consumption, which accounts for more than half of Japan’s economic output, was flat in the first quarter, compared with market forecasts for a 0.1 per cent gain.
Capital expenditure increased 1.4 per cent compared with market forecasts for a 0.8 per cent gain, the data showed.
External demand shaved 0.8 percentage point off GDP growth as exports fell 0.6 per cent, while imports rose 2.9 per cent. Domestic demand, by contrast, added 0.7 point to growth.
“Capital expenditure rose probably due to front-loading ahead of Trump tariffs. The economy may avert negative growth in April to June, but will lack momentum,” said Takeshi Minami, chief economist at Norinchukin Research Institute.
“If the impact of Trump tariffs is fairly light, the Bank of Japan (BOJ) could raise interest rates again in September or October. But if the tariffs deal a severe blow to capital spending and exports, rate hikes could be put on hold,” he said.
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