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Montenegro marks 20 years of independence from a union with Serbia this week, with concerts and various celebrations being held in the capital Podgorica and other towns across the country.
Split between the supporters of independence and those backing the union with Serbia, Montenegro held a referendum on 21 May 2006 to choose its future path after a decade of wars and NATO bombing in 1999 aimed at stopping the war in Kosovo. The result: 55.5% chose independence.
Splitting from the joint state was divisive given that Montenegro has historically close ties with Serbia and because about a third of Montenegrins consider themselves Serbs. Montenegro and Serbia share the same Orthodox Christian religion, speak similar languages and hold centuries-old alliances.
The independence drive was led by Montenegro’s longtime leader Milo Djukanovic, who steered the country into NATO and away from another historic Slavic ally — Russia.
Montenegro’s president, Jakov Milatović, says full integration into the EU is his country’s next milestone.
“Twenty years ago, the citizens of Montenegro took decision-making into their own hands, and that was the basis of our development,” the president said.
“The major progress probably happened when the country became a part of NATO in 2017,” he added. “Being a part of NATO for a small country like Montenegro is very important because NATO is indeed a security guarantee for our independence and statehood.”
Milatović said he is confident the country of 623,000 people will fulfill its ambitious agenda of becoming the next member of the 27-member EU in 2028.
The motto “28 by 28” has even been inscribed on one of the planes of the national airline.
“We can achieve it,” Milatovic said from the presidential office in Podgorica, the capital. “I am optimistic about it.”
EU membership within reach
Montenegro is considered a front-runner for EU membership among the six countries in the Western Balkans, which are at different stages of the process. Several other countries, including Ukraine, hope to join one day as well.
The EU has formed a working group to draft an accession treaty for Montenegro — a signal that membership remains within reach.
Milatovic noted that support for the EU in Montenegro is very high, at around 80%. But the country must also finish democratic and economic reforms, and how quickly it does so, is “now is entirely up to Montenegro,” he added.
There was far less unity when the country 20 years ago chose to leave the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro — itself one of several successor states of Yugoslavia.
But Montenegro still faces many challenges on its EU road since becoming a candidate in 2010. A key priority involves strengthening state institutions.
“What was missing in the last 14 years, we have to provide now just in six months,” she said. “So it’s really demanding, but the process is going on,” says former European integration minister Jovana Marović.
For Montenegro’s citizens, the economy and living standards are the key priorities. Along with democratic reforms, Montenegro has adopted the euro as its currency but the economy remains small and heavily dependent on tourism.
EU officials are expected to reiterate the message at a meeting in the coastal Montenegrin town of Tivat in early June with the leaders of the Western Balkan candidate nations. The others are Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Serbia and Kosovo.
Additional sources • AP
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